Psoriasis Patient Information - what you need to know

What is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a skin condition that can cause red, itchy, and scaly patches on your skin. It happens when your immune system sends the wrong signals to your skin cells, telling them to grow too quickly and become inflamed. This can lead to thick, scaly patches on your skin that can be uncomfortable or even painful.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of psoriasis can vary from person to person. Some people may have small patches of psoriasis, while others may have larger areas affected. Common symptoms include:

• Red patches of skin covered with silver or white scales

• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed

• Itching or burning sensation

• Thickened or ridged nails

What Causes Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a common skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. While the exact cause of psoriasis is unknown, scientists believe it is caused by a combination of factors, including genetics and environmental triggers.

• Genetics - Psoriasis is known to run in families, suggesting that there is a genetic component to the condition. Research has identified several genes that may contribute to the development of psoriasis. These genes are involved in the immune system, which plays a key role in psoriasis.

• Environmental Triggers - several environmental triggers can also contribute to the development of psoriasis. These triggers can include stress, infections, injuries to the skin, and certain medications. Some people may also find that their psoriasis symptoms are triggered by cold and dry weather, while others may experience a flare-up during hot and humid weather.

• Immune System - psoriasis is an auto-inflammatory condition, which means that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells. In a healthy immune system, white blood cells called T-cells help protect the body against infections and diseases. However, in people with psoriasis, these T-cells are triggered to attack healthy skin cells, leading to the characteristic symptoms of the condition, such as red, scaly patches of skin.

• Lifestyle Factors - several lifestyle factors can have an impact on psoriasis. Obesity, or being overweight, is a known risk factor for psoriasis, and losing weight may help improve symptoms. A healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and lean protein may also help manage psoriasis. Smoking and drinking alcohol can also worsen psoriasis symptoms and may make it harder to manage the condition. If you smoke, quitting can be an important step in managing your psoriasis. It's important to talk to your doctor about any lifestyle changes you are considering and to work together to develop a plan that is right for you.

While there is no cure for psoriasis, there are several treatment options available to manage the symptoms of the condition.

Treatment Options for Psoriasis

While there is no cure for psoriasis, there are several treatment options available to manage the symptoms of the condition. The treatment plan recommended by your dermatologist will depend on the severity of your psoriasis, its location on your body, and your overall health.

1. Topical Treatments: These treatments are applied directly to the affected areas of the skin and can help reduce inflammation and itchiness. Examples include:

• Corticosteroids: These creams and ointments contain steroids and can reduce inflammation and itching.

• Vitamin D Analogues: These creams contain a synthetic form of vitamin D and can slow down the growth of skin cells.

• Salicylic Acid: This ingredient helps remove the scales that form on the skin.

2. Phototherapy: This treatment involves exposing the skin to UV light to slow down the growth of skin cells. Phototherapy is usually done in a doctor's office or a clinic.

3. Systemic Treatments: These treatments are taken orally or by injection and work throughout the body to slow down the growth of skin cells. Examples include:

• Methotrexate: This medication suppresses the immune system and slows down the growth of skin cells.

• Cyclosporine: This medication suppresses the immune system and can help reduce inflammation and itching.

• Acitretin: This medication works by targeting the abnormal growth and inflammation of skin cells that are characteristic of psoriasis

• Apremilast: This medication works by targeting specific molecules in the body that are involved in inflammation, which can help reduce the symptoms of psoriasis

4. Biologics: These newer medications target specific parts of the immune system that are involved in psoriasis. Biologics are usually given as injections and may be used when other treatments have not worked or are not suitable. They are highly specialised treatments and can only be prescribed by a dermatologist. Examples of biologics used for psoriasis include:

• Adalimumab (Humira)

• Etanercept (Enbrel)

• Guselkumab (Tremfya)

• Infliximab (Remicade)

• Ixekizumab (Taltz)

• Risankizumab (Skyrizi)

• Secukinumab (Cosentyx)

• Tildrakizumab (Ilumya)

• Ustekinumab (Stelara)

It's important to note that not all treatment options are suitable for everyone. Your dermatologist will work with you to determine the best treatment plan for your individual needs.

Complications of Psoriasis

While psoriasis is primarily a skin condition, it can be associated with a range of other health problems including:

• Psoriatic arthritis – this causes early morning joint pain, stiffness, and swelling.

• Metabolic syndrome - a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

• Mental health - some people experiencing mood changes such as depression or anxiety.

Living with Psoriasis:

Psoriasis can be a lifelong condition, but there are steps you can take to manage the symptoms and improve your quality of life. Some tips include:

• Keep your skin moisturized to reduce dryness and itchiness

• Avoid triggers like stress, alcohol, and smoking

• Have a well balanced healthy diet

• Exercise at least three time a week

• Wear comfortable clothing that does not irritate your skin

Remember, psoriasis is a common skin condition and you are not alone. Your dermatologist will work with you to find a treatment plan that best fits your psoriasis.