Skin Cancer Patient Information - what you need to know

What is skin cancer?

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in Australia. It happens when cells in the skin grow abnormally and form a tumour. There are different types of skin cancer, including:

• Basal cell carcinoma: This is the most common type of skin cancer. It usually appears on areas of the skin that have been exposed to the sun, like the face and neck. It grows slowly and is usually not life-threatening.

• Squamous cell carcinoma: This type of skin cancer also usually appears on sun-exposed areas of the skin. It can grow quickly and may be more likely to spread than basal cell carcinoma.

• Melanoma: This is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. It can occur anywhere on the skin and can spread to other parts of the body if not treated early.

What are the risk factors for skin cancer?

Some of the things that can increase your risk of developing skin cancer include:

• Exposure to harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning beds

• Having fair skin, light-colored hair, and light-colored eyes

• Having a family history of skin cancer

• Having a history of sunburns

• Having a weakened immune system

How can I prevent skin cancer?

There are several things you can do to reduce your risk of developing skin cancer, including:

• Avoiding prolonged exposure to the sun, especially during peak hours (10 am to 4 pm)

• Wearing protective clothing, such as broad-rimmed hats and long-sleeved shirts, when you're outside

• Using a SPF 50+ sunscreen and reapplying it every four hours or after swimming or sweating

• Avoiding tanning beds and other sources of artificial UV rays

What are the signs of skin cancer?

Some of the signs of skin cancer include:

• A new or changing mole or spot on the skin

• A sore that doesn't heal

• A rough or scaly patch of skin

• A scaly lump or bump that feels firm to the touch

If you notice any of these signs, it's important to see a dermatologist as soon as possible.

How is skin cancer treated?

The treatment for skin cancer depends on the type and stage of the cancer. Not all skin cancers need surgery, and some need specialised forms of surgery. The treatment for skin cancers include:

• Topical creams

• Light based treatments

• Surgery to remove the cancerous tissue

• Mohs micrographic surgery

• Radiotherapy

Your dermatologist will work with you to determine the best treatment plan for your individual case.

Please read our patient information pages on basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and Mohs micrographic surgery for more information.